What You Need to Know About Hemophilia

Bleeding Traits in Hemophilia Disease

The Most Common Bleeding Problem

In hemophilia, the most common bleeding problem is prolonged bleeding after an injury, such as a cut or scrape. This occurs because the blood does not have enough clotting factors, proteins that help form clots to stop bleeding. As a result, wounds take longer to heal, and people with hemophilia may bruise easily. These bruises are larger and take longer to heal than in people without hemophilia.

Internal Bleeding

Another major complication of hemophilia is internal bleeding, which can occur in the knees, elbows, or ankles. Chronic joint bleeding can lead to long-term damage, making movement more difficult over time. Bleeding into muscles can also occur, causing swelling and pressure that may limit motion and mobility.

Spontaneous Bleeding

In severe hemophilia, bleeding can occur spontaneously without any apparent injury. Spontaneous bleeding is especially dangerous when it occurs in the brain or abdomen, as it can be life-threatening and requires emergency medical care.

5 Steps to Take When Bleeding Starts

When bleeding starts, it is essential to take the following steps to stop it:

1. Stop and Rest: Stop what you are doing and rest to avoid worsening the bleeding.
2. Infuse Clotting Factor: Take prescribed medication to help blood clot and stop the bleeding.
3. Apply Ice: Wrap a cold pack in a cloth and place it on the affected area for 15 minutes every hour to help with swelling.
4. Elevate and Compress: If your arm or leg is bleeding, raise the affected area above your heart and apply gentle pressure.
5. Monitor and Get Professional Help: If bleeding is heavy or does not stop after treatment, contact a healthcare provider or go to the hospital.

Causes Based on Type

Problems with specific clotting factors cause the most common forms of hemophilia. Although uncommon, hemophilia can develop later in life (acquired hemophilia) due to hemorrhagic immune system disorders unrelated to inherited forms.

Hemophilia A

Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII and is the most common form of hemophilia. Its causes and risk factors include:

• Inherited causes: A gene mutation on the X chromosome passed down from a parent
• Risk factors: Having only one X chromosome (common in those assigned male at birth), a family history of hemophilia, or…

Additional Reading

• Penn Medicine News: “Single-Dose Gene Therapy is Potentially Life-Changing for Adults with Hemophilia B”
• UC San Diego Today: “UC San Diego Health First to Offer Novel Gene Therapy for Hemophilia B”

Conclusion

Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder that affects people’s lives significantly. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for managing the condition. With early diagnosis and effective treatment, people with hemophilia can live long, healthy lives. However, without treatment, hemophilia can have severe consequences, including reduced life expectancy. It is essential to be aware of the risks and take proactive steps to prevent bleeding and manage the condition.

FAQs

• What is hemophilia?
  Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors, leading to uncontrolled external or internal bleeding.
• What are the symptoms of hemophilia?
  The most common symptoms include prolonged bleeding after injury, easy bruising, and joint pain and swelling.
• How is hemophilia treated?
  Treatment options include infusing clotting factors, applying ice, elevating and compressing, and monitoring for heavy bleeding.
• Can hemophilia be prevented?
  No, hemophilia is an inherited condition, and there is no known cure. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and prevent complications.