HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Managing Side Effects
HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has more human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proteins than normal. These proteins help cancer cells grow faster, making HER2+ breast cancer more aggressive than other types.
Treatments and Side Effects
Treatments targeting the HER2 protein, such as chemotherapy and radiation, can effectively treat the disease. However, they can also cause side effects. Fortunately, there are ways to make life easier during treatment, including handling hair loss and managing stress.
1. Helping Hair Loss
Hair loss is a common side effect of chemotherapy that can cause emotional distress. Hair loss occurs because chemotherapy affects rapidly growing cells, such as hair follicles.
To prepare for and manage hair loss:
- Consider cutting your hair short before treatment starts; it can make the transition easier and less sudden.
- Some people cover their heads with wigs, scarves, or hats, while others show they are bald. There is no right or wrong answer—do what’s comfortable for you.
- If you want a wig, choose one made from breathable materials for comfort.
- Wear a hat outdoors, but if your head is uncovered, apply sunscreen to your scalp.
- Cooling caps, worn before, during, and after chemotherapy, may reduce hair loss by cooling the scalp and constricting the blood vessels, preventing chemotherapy from reaching the hair follicles. These systems can be expensive and are not likely to be covered by insurance. They also require specialized equipment or freezers. If you are interested, talk to your cancer team and insurance carrier to see if this is an option.
2. Reducing Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of cancer treatment but can be managed in several ways:
- Your oncology team will likely give you medication to prevent nausea before the chemotherapy, as well as medication to take at home in case nausea or vomiting returns.
- Eat small, frequent meals.
- Avoid greasy, spicy, or strong-smelling foods.
- Try bland foods like plain toast, rice, or applesauce.
- Ginger tea, peppermint, or crackers might also be helpful to settle your stomach.
- Stay hydrated by sipping water, clear broth, or electrolyte drinks throughout the day.
3. Dealing With Diarrhea
Diarrhea is a common side effect of chemotherapy and targeted treatments for HER2-positive breast cancer. If left untreated, diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Electrolytes are charged minerals in the blood, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium.
Ways to address diarrhea through the diet include:
- Drink plenty of water to replace lost fluids. Electrolyte replenishment drinks can be used as well.
- Eating bland, low-fiber foods like bananas, white rice, applesauce, and toast can help calm your digestive system.
- Avoid dairy, fatty foods, caffeine, and raw fruits and vegetables while experiencing diarrhea.
Managing Side Effects at Home
While treatment for HER2+ breast cancer comes with side effects, understanding and managing the side effects of treatment can be helpful. Remember, you are not alone—use your healthcare team, loved ones, and support networks for help and encouragement. There are practical ways to manage these effects at home to help you feel your best during treatment.
Conclusion
Managing side effects of HER2-positive breast cancer treatment requires a comprehensive approach. By understanding the causes of hair loss, nausea, and diarrhea, and taking steps to manage these side effects, you can improve your quality of life during treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What are the common side effects of HER2-positive breast cancer treatment?
A: Common side effects include hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue.
Q: How can I manage hair loss during treatment?
A: Consider cutting your hair short before treatment starts, wear a wig or hat, and apply sunscreen to your scalp.
Q: What can I do to reduce nausea and vomiting?
A: Eat small, frequent meals, avoid greasy or spicy foods, and try bland foods like plain toast or applesauce.
Q: How can I manage diarrhea during treatment?
A: Drink plenty of water, eat bland, low-fiber foods, and avoid dairy, fatty foods, caffeine, and raw fruits and vegetables.
Q: What resources are available to help me manage side effects?
A: Talk to your healthcare team, loved ones, and support networks for help and encouragement. There are also online resources and support groups available.
