Rural and Remote Health: A Growing Concern
Seven million Australians live in rural and remote areas and many struggle to access the same quality of health care as those in metropolitan areas.
Health Outcomes in Rural and Remote Areas
More than 18,000 Australians have no access to primary health care services within an hour’s drive time from their home, and many are hours or even multiple days’ drive from their closest major hospital. Travel to a major city to access health care is costly and time-consuming.
Rural Australians have almost A$850 less spent on their health per year than those in major cities.
People living in rural and remote Australia have substantially higher levels of preventable hospitalizations, burden of disease, and avoidable deaths. This leaves a gap in median life expectancy between people in very remote areas and major cities of 13 years for men and 16 years for women.
Virtual Health Care: A Solution?
Our research shows clinicians and health care decision-makers are willing to accept a lower standard of care for people outside of major cities because they consider it better than nothing.
Our research investigated Queensland clinicians’ and health care decision-makers’ perspectives on virtual health care as a means to improve access to care. We also asked about what constitutes acceptable quality and standards for rural patients.
What is Virtual Health Care?
“Virtual health care” is more than just telehealth. It includes:
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hospital in the home, where a nurse will visit a patient in their home to provide treatments such as intravenous antibiotics, coupled with telehealth consultations with a doctor. This model of care can achieve similar outcomes to those at traditional hospitals
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virtual wards, such as influenza or COVID wards. These wards involve a patient in their home, and a combination of telehealth, remote monitoring devices such as pulse oximeters, and face-to-face care from visiting clinicians if required.
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virtual emergency departments. These support patients who can be safely and effectively managed at home. Emergency doctors and nurses provide guidance and identify which patients need to present to a traditional emergency department.
Benefits of Virtual Health Care
Virtual health care can minimize travel time to major cities, keeping patients better connected with their family and community while undergoing treatment.
Challenges of Virtual Health Care
However, virtual health care is not currently suitable for patients who require intensive care, some types of physical procedures, or for patients at high risk of complications.
Our Research
We interviewed 26 clinicians (such as doctors and nurses) and executive leaders from private, not-for-profit hospitals and aged care services in metropolitan, regional, rural and remote Queensland in 2023.
Most participants expressed reticence towards using telehealth and other forms of virtual health care for people in major cities who can readily access traditional hospitals and providers face-to-face.
They felt safety and care standards would be inferior to traditional inpatient care.
Towards More Equitable Care for Rural Patients
Sub-standard health care will not bring health outcomes and life-expectancy of people in rural and remote areas up to parity – it will merely reinforce current inequities.
We need to design health services that improve both quality and access. Taking health-care models that work in our major cities and rolling them out in rural areas doesn’t work. We need tailored, creative solutions that meet the same standards we would expect in a city.
In addition to increasing and improving access to virtual health care, we also need:
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attract and retain a rural health workforce of experienced practitioners to provide face-to-face services
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design health services in conjunction with the community to ensure they suit local needs and conditions
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address state and federal government funding issues that impact the sustainability and capacity for innovation of rural health services
Conclusion
An unconscious willingness to accept better than nothing is simply not good enough for the millions of Australians who live outside of major cities.
FAQs
Q: What is virtual health care?
A: Virtual health care is a range of health care services that can be delivered remotely, including telehealth, hospital in the home, virtual wards, and virtual emergency departments.
Q: What are the benefits of virtual health care?
A: Virtual health care can minimize travel time to major cities, keep patients better connected with their family and community, and improve access to health care for people in rural and remote areas.
Q: What are the challenges of virtual health care?
A: Virtual health care is not currently suitable for patients who require intensive care, some types of physical procedures, or for patients at high risk of complications. It also requires well-designed services with appropriately trained clinicians and consideration of what can and cannot be accomplished remotely.
