Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH): Causes and Types
1. Idiopathic PAH
About half of PAH cases have no known cause. When a condition’s cause is unknown, it’s called idiopathic. Idiopathic PAH is the most common type of PAH. While the exact cause of idiopathic PAH is not known, experts believe environmental triggers and genetics may play a role.
2. Connective Tissue Disease
The second most common type of PAH is caused by connective tissue disease. These conditions are autoimmune, meaning the body’s immune system attacks itself. Researchers believe that the inflammatory response of these autoimmune conditions affects the arteries in the lungs.
3. Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease is an abnormality of the heart that is present from birth. When the heart does not form properly, it can lead to abnormal blood flow in the heart and lungs.
4. Inherited PAH
Up to 20% of people with PAH have an inherited form of the disease. For example, changes in the BMPR2 gene can be passed down in families. When one parent has the mutation, the child has a 50% chance of inheriting it.
Conclusion
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious condition that can impair blood flow, causing symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and light-headedness. Understanding the causes and types of PAH is essential for effective treatment and management.
FAQs
- What is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?
- PAH is a type of pulmonary hypertension that causes high blood pressure in the small arteries of the lungs.
- What are the causes of PAH?
- Idiopathic PAH, connective tissue disease, congenital heart disease, and inherited PAH are some of the known causes of PAH.
- How is PAH diagnosed?
- PAH is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as echocardiography and right-heart catheterization.
- What are the symptoms of PAH?
- Symptoms of PAH include shortness of breath, chest pain, and light-headedness.
- How is PAH treated?
- PAH is typically treated with medications, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes, such as reducing physical activity and avoiding stress. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.
Author Bio
Dr. Angela Ryan Lee is an Ohio-based board-certified physician specializing in cardiovascular diseases and internal medicine.
